Application related failures occur as a result of the wrong mixing and application practices Examples of application-related failures include: •Sagging •Blistering •Mud cracking •Roller marks •Peeling off

Substrate related failures occur when there are some issues on the substrate or when adequate surface preparation is not done Examples of substrate-related failures include: •Cracking •Flaking •Surface fungus •Blistering •Efflorescence •Poor drying & curing •Peeling off

Product related failures occur as a result of some issues in the paint formulation, quality of the raw material used or manufacturing process Examples of product related failures include:  Cracking   Chalking Foaming & Cratering Poor scrub resistance Discoloration  Poor drying, curing, etc.

Paint failure can be classified in several ways In this module, we limit our discussions on the following categories 1.Product-related failures 2.Substrate-related failures 3.Application-related failures

Product related failures occur as a result of some issues in the paint formulation, quality of the raw material used or manufacturing process Examples of product related failures include: •Cracking  •Chalking •Foaming & Cratering •Poor scrub resistance •Discoloration •Poor drying, curing, etc.